Spacing is the difference between work that looks designed and work that looks assembled. Pick values from the scale below instead of nudging things until they look about right.
Multiples of 4. In practice you will use 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32 for almost everything, and 64–128 for the gaps between sections.
20–24px padding, 8–12px between a heading and its paragraph.
16–20px gap. Use a grid gap, not margins on each card.
64–128px vertical. Marketing pages breathe; product screens sit at the lower end.
Padding is the rule most often broken, because it is invisible until it is wrong. Blue overlay marks the padding in each example.
Equal left and right, equal top and bottom. Optical centring beats mathematical guessing.
Auto-graded, included.
Auto-graded, included.
When content presses against an edge it reads as an accident. Whitespace is not wasted space.
Across business, economics, and the social sciences.
Across business, economics, and the social sciences.
Every one with supplements and a homework system, at no extra cost, ready to adopt this semester.
One gap value across a row of cards. Set it once on the container, not per item.
Everything hangs off a shared left edge. Centred text is for hero statements, not for body copy.
Instructor's manual, PowerPoint decks, test banks and syllabi.
Instructor's manual, PowerPoint decks, test banks and syllabi.
Soft and friendly. Nothing sharp, nothing fully round except pills and avatars.
Shadows are navy-tinted and diffuse — paper lifting off paper. Never black, never hard.
Twelve columns, 24px gutters, a content column capped at 1180–1400px and centred. Text blocks never span all twelve.